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In very clear water the depth limit of Elodea may extend to 10 m. Its distribution is still increasing.Įlodea is an introduced submerged freshwater perennial that forms dense mono-specific stands up to 5 m tall and may also be present as a low-growing member of a mixed community in shallower waters. Lagarosiphon has been recorded throughout much of New Zealand. There is no sexual reproduction by Lagarosiphon in New Zealand, with only the female plants of this dioecious species being present here.
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Lateral spread within a lake also occurs by stem fall, and plants soon overgrow most other vegetation in clear waters. New plants develop from stem fragments that are readily transported between waterbodies on boats and boat trailers. 4 m and roots in sandy or silty substrates. This tall-growing plant can reach the surface from depths of ca. Lagarosiphon is an introduced submerged perennial that grows from the shallow water margins to water depths of 6.5 m and typically forms dense mono-specific stands. Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss ex Wager It is well established in Marlborough in the South Island, and has recently been found in the Avon River in Christchurch. Egeria propagates from stem fragments containing lateral buds that give rise to new plants.Įgeria is abundant in the Waikato district, and scattered throughout the North Island, with an increasing distribution. The characteristic white flowers may be seen in the summer months protruding just above the water surface. Like Hydrilla, Egeria does not produce seed in New Zealand, with only male flowering plants being present here. It can form dense mono-specific growth up to 5 m tall, reaching the water surface. Hydrilla occurs only in the Hawkes Bay region of the North Island, having been recorded in Lakes Tutira, Waikapiro, Opouahi and Elands Lake.Įgeria is an introduced submerged bottom-rooted perennial that thrives in turbid, enriched and slow-flowing waters, and roots in either silty–organic or sandy–gravel substrate. No seeds are produced in New Zealand because the plant is dioecious and only male plants are present. Hydrilla also forms underground tubers, and turions in the axils of its leaves. It spreads by rhizomes, stolons and stem fragments.
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Hydrilla is an introduced submerged, much-branched perennial plant, which forms dense often mono-specific communities that can grow to the water surface from depths of 4m forming dense canopies. These milfoils propagate both sexually by seed and vegetatively from fragments and rhizomes. propinquum usually has unisexual flowers with male flowers at upper and female flowers at lower whorls of the stem. From November to March stands may be conspicuous when apical flower heads, which are often reddish in colour, emerge above the water level. They are monoecious species with flowers in the axils of emergent leaves. propinquum reduces to a prostrate or erect herb up to 10 cm high. Short-term de-watering is survived by both species and in these situations M. Plants grow to 3 m tall in deep water (up to 3.5 m water depth), and occur in both standing and flowing water. triphyllum are native submerged perennial macrophytes that occur throughout New Zealand. It is particularly common in the Waikato River and Rotorua lakes.īoth M. Flowers do occur on this monoecious species, but there is no evidence of seed production in New Zealand.Ĭeratophyllum occurs from Northland to Wairarapa and is still actively spreading. Propagation is by fragmentation of its brittle stems. It can form a dense subsurface canopy and reach a height of 5–6 m, and frequently grows as a mono-specific community. Prone to dislodgement, its buoyant stems may become free-floating. (commonly called Hornwort)Ĭeratophyllum is an introduced submerged perennial that normally grows with the base of its stem buried in sandy or silty substrates, but it does not form roots. Submerged macrophytes Tall growing speciesĬeratophyllum demersum L. Find out more about submerged aquatic plant species.